The World's Richest Royal

Following is Forbes' ranking of the world's richest royals on Fri 22 Aug 2008:

1. King Buhimol Adulyadej (Thailand) $35 billion

2. Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed al-Nahayan (United Arab Emirates) $28 billion

3. King Abdullah (Saudi Arabia) $24 billion

4. Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (Brunei)

5. Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid al-Maktoum (Dubai)

6. Prince Hans Adam II (Liechtenstein)

7. Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani (Qatar)

8. King Mohammed VI (Morocco)

9. Prince Albert II (Monaco)

10. Sultan Qaboos bin Said (Oman)

11. Prince Karim Al Husseini (Agha Khan)

12. Queen Elizabeth (Britain)

13. Sheikh Sabah al-Ahmad al-Sabah (Kuwait)

14. Queen Beatrix (Netherlands)

15. King Mswati III (Swaziland)

Human Origin

Humans, or human beings, are bipedal primates belonging to the mammalian species Homo sapiens (Latin: "wise man" or "knowing man") in the family Hominidae (the great apes). Compared to other living organisms on Earth, humans have a highly developed brain capable of abstract reasoning, language, and introspection. This mental capability, combined with an erect body carriage that frees their upper limbs for manipulating objects, has allowed humans to make far greater use of tools than any other species. DNA evidence indicates that modern humans originated in Africa about 200,000 years ago.
and Humans are also noted for their desire to understand and influence the world around them, seeking to explain and manipulate natural phenomena through science, philosophy, mythologyreligion. Humans also have a marked appreciation for beauty and aesthetics which, combined with the human desire for self-expression, has led to cultural innovations such as art, literature and music. It has been estimated that the human lineage diverged from that of chimpanzees about five million years ago, and from gorillas about eight million years ago. outwards to replace hominids in other parts of the world. The There are two prominent scientific theories of the origins of contemporary humans. They concern the relationship between modern humans and other hominids. The single-origin, or "out-of-Africa", hypothesis proposes that modern humans evolved in Africa and later migratedmultiregional hypothesis, on the other hand, proposes that modern humans evolved, at least in part, from independent hominid populations.

The most widely accepted view among current anthropologists is that Homo sapiens originated in the African savanna around 200,000 BP (Before Present), descending from Homo erectus, had inhabited Eurasia and Oceania by 40,000 BP, and finally inhabited the Americas approximately 10,000 years ago. They displaced Homo neanderthalensis and other species descended from Homo erectus (which had inhabited Eurasia as early as 2 million years ago) through more successful reproduction and competition for resources.

Up until only around 10,000 years ago, all humans lived as hunter-gatherers (with some communities persisting until this day). They generally lived in small, nomadic groups. The advent of agriculture prompted the Neolithic Revolution. Access to food surplus led to the formation of permanent human settlements, the domestication of animals, and the use of metal tools. Agriculture also encouraged trade and cooperation, leading to complex societies. Villages developed into thriving civilizations in regions such as the Middle East's Fertile Crescent.

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